磷的同位素
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
磷（原子量：30.973761998(5)）共有23个同位素，其中31P是稳定的，其他都具有放射性。30P是人类获得的第一种人工放射性同位素。
图表
[编辑]| 符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量（u） [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰变 方式[2] |
衰变 产物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 （莫耳分率） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24P | 15 | 9 | 24.03435(54)# | 无数据 | p (>99.9%) | 23Si | (1+)# | |
| β+ (<.1%) | 24Si | |||||||
| 25P | 15 | 10 | 25.02026(21)# | <30 ns | p | 24Si | (1/2+)# | |
| 26P[n 4] | 15 | 11 | 26.01178(21)# | 43.7(6) ms | β+ (98.1%) | 26Si | (3+) | |
| β+, 2p (1.0%) | 24Mg | |||||||
| β+, p (.9%) | 25Al | |||||||
| 27P | 15 | 12 | 26.999230(28) | 260(80) ms | β+ (99.93%) | 27Si | 1/2+ | |
| β+, p (.07%) | 26Al | |||||||
| 28P | 15 | 13 | 27.992315(4) | 270.3(5) ms | β+ (99.99%) | 28Si | 3+ | |
| β+, p (.0013%) | 27Al | |||||||
| β+, α (8.6×10−4%) | 24Mg | |||||||
| 29P | 15 | 14 | 28.9818006(6) | 4.142(15) s | β+ | 29Si | 1/2+ | |
| 30P | 15 | 15 | 29.9783138(3) | 2.498(4) min | β+ | 30Si | 1+ | |
| 31 P |
15 | 16 | 30.97376163(20) | 稳定 | 1/2+ | 1.0000 | ||
| 32 P |
15 | 17 | 31.97390727(20) | 14.263(3) d | β− | 32S | 1+ | 痕量 |
| 33P | 15 | 18 | 32.9717255(12) | 25.34(12) d | β− | 33S | 1/2+ | |
| 34P | 15 | 19 | 33.973636(5) | 12.43(8) s | β− | 34S | 1+ | |
| 35P | 15 | 20 | 34.9733141(20) | 47.3(7) s | β− | 35S | 1/2+ | |
| 36P | 15 | 21 | 35.978260(14) | 5.6(3) s | β− | 36S | 4−# | |
| 37P | 15 | 22 | 36.97961(4) | 2.31(13) s | β− | 37S | 1/2+# | |
| 38P | 15 | 23 | 37.98416(11) | 0.64(14) s | β− (88%) | 38S | ||
| β−, n (12%) | 37S | |||||||
| 39P | 15 | 24 | 38.98618(11) | 190(50) ms | β− (74%) | 39S | 1/2+# | |
| β−, n (26%) | 38S | |||||||
| 40P | 15 | 25 | 39.99130(15) | 153(8) ms | β− (70%) | 40S | (2−,3−) | |
| β−, n (30%) | 39S | |||||||
| 41P | 15 | 26 | 40.99434(23) | 100(5) ms | β− (70%) | 41S | 1/2+# | |
| β−, n (30%) | 40S | |||||||
| 42P | 15 | 27 | 42.00101(48) | 48.5(15) ms | β− (50%) | 42S | ||
| β−, n (50%) | 41S | |||||||
| 43P | 15 | 28 | 43.00619(104) | 36.5(15) ms | β−, n | 42S | 1/2+# | |
| 44P | 15 | 29 | 44.01299(75)# | 18.5(25) ms | β− | 44S | ||
| 45P | 15 | 30 | 45.01922(86)# | 8# ms [>200 ns] | β− | 45S | 1/2+# | |
| 46P | 15 | 31 | 46.02738(97)# | 4# ms [>200 ns] | β− | 46S | ||
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明，仅为理论推测。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
- ^ 稳定的衰变产物以粗体表示。
- ^ Has 1 halo proton
| ← | 同位素列表 | → |
| 矽的同位素 | 磷的同位素 | 硫的同位素 |
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart
. nucleonica. [2015-09-10]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.