铝的同位素
外观
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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铝(原子量:26.9815384(3))共有23个已知同位素,质量数介于21-43之间,其中只有1个是稳定的,其他都具有放射性,因此铝属于单一同位素元素。天然存在的铝同位素有2个,分别是稳定的27Al和具放射性的26Al,其中27Al占天然铝的绝大部分,而26Al在自然界中仅痕量存在,为宇宙射线散裂所产生。其他放射性同位素都不出现在自然界中,只有在实验室制造出来过,且半衰期都很短,非常不稳定。
图表
[编辑]符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰变 方式[2] |
衰变 产物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
激发能量[n 2] | ||||||||
21Al[3] | 13 | 8 | 21.02908(64)# | p | 20Mg | |||
22Al | 13 | 9 | 22.01952(10)# | 59(3) ms | β+ (96.7%) | 22Mg | (3)+ | |
β+, 2p (2.5%) | 20Ne | |||||||
β+, p (0.8%) | 21Na | |||||||
23Al | 13 | 10 | 23.007267(20) | 470(30) ms | β+ (92%) | 23Mg | 5/2+# | |
β+, p (8%) | 22Na | |||||||
24Al | 13 | 11 | 23.9999389(30) | 2.053(4) s | β+ (99.95%) | 24Mg | 4+ | |
β+, α (.0349%) | 20Ne | |||||||
β+, p (.0159%) | 23Na | |||||||
24mAl | 425.8(1) keV | 131.3(25) ms | IT (82%) | 24Al | 1+ | |||
β+ (18%) | 24Mg | |||||||
β+, α | 20Ne | |||||||
25Al | 13 | 12 | 24.9904281(5) | 7.183(12) s | β+ | 25Mg | 5/2+ | |
26 Al [n 4] |
13 | 13 | 25.98689169(6) | 7.17(24)×105 years | β+ | 26Mg | 5+ | 痕量[n 5] |
26mAl | 228.305(13) keV | 6.3452(19) s | β+ | 26Mg | 0+ | |||
27 Al |
13 | 14 | 26.98153863(12) | 稳定 | 5/2+ | 1.0000 | ||
28Al | 13 | 15 | 27.98191031(14) | 2.2414(12) min | β− | 28Si | 3+ | |
29Al | 13 | 16 | 28.9804450(13) | 6.56(6) min | β− | 29Si | 5/2+ | |
30Al | 13 | 17 | 29.982960(15) | 3.60(6) s | β− | 30Si | 3+ | |
31Al | 13 | 18 | 30.983947(22) | 644(25) ms | β− (98.4%) | 31Si | (3/2,5/2)+ | |
β−, n (1.6%) | 30Si | |||||||
32Al | 13 | 19 | 31.98812(9) | 31.7(8) ms | β− (99.3%) | 32Si | 1+ | |
β−, n (.7%) | 31Si | |||||||
32mAl | 955.7(4) keV | 200(20) ns | (4+) | |||||
33Al | 13 | 20 | 32.99084(8) | 41.7(2) ms | β− (91.5%) | 33Si | (5/2+)# | |
β−, n (8.5%) | 32Si | |||||||
34Al | 13 | 21 | 33.99685(12) | 56.3(5) ms | β− (87.5%) | 34Si | 4−# | |
β−, n (12.5%) | 33Si | |||||||
35Al | 13 | 22 | 34.99986(19) | 38.6(4) ms | β− (74%) | 35Si | 5/2+# | |
β−, n (26%) | 34Si | |||||||
36Al | 13 | 23 | 36.00621(23) | 90(40) ms | β− (69%) | 36Si | ||
β−, n (31%) | 35Si | |||||||
37Al | 13 | 24 | 37.01068(36) | 10.7(13) ms | β− | 37Si | 3/2+ | |
38Al | 13 | 25 | 38.01723(78) | 7.6(6) ms | β− | 38Si | ||
39Al | 13 | 26 | 39.02297(158) | 7.6(16) ms | β− | 39Si | 3/2+# | |
40Al | 13 | 27 | 40.02962(43)# | 10# ms [>260 ns] | β− | 40Si | ||
41Al | 13 | 28 | 41.03588(54)# | 2# ms [>260 ns] | β− | 41Si | 5/2+# | |
42Al | 13 | 29 | 42.04305(64)# | 1# ms [>170 ns] | β− | 42Si | ||
43Al | 13 | 30 | 43.05048(86)# | 1# ms [>170 ns] | β− | 43Si |
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,仅为理论推测。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
- ^ 稳定的衰变产物以粗体表示。
- ^ 用于测定太阳系早期历史事件和陨石的放射性定年法中
- ^ cosmogenic
← | 同位素列表 | → |
镁的同位素 | 铝的同位素 | 矽的同位素 |
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 (英语).
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. Nucleonica. [2012-08-15]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- ^ Kostyleva, D.; Xu, X.-D.; Mukha, I.; et al. Observation and spectroscopy of the proton-unbound nucleus 21Al. Physical Review C. 2024-09-03, 110 (3). ISSN 2469-9985. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.L031301.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.