锇的同位素
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
锇（76Os）有七种天然存在的同位素，其中五种稳定，分别是187Os、188Os、189Os、190Os和最常见的192Os。另外两种同位素184Os和186Os虽然有放射性，但它们极长的半衰期（分别为1.12×1013年和2×1015年）使它们在实际用途中可以看作是稳定同位素。作为187Re（半衰期4.56×1010年）衰变产物的187Os可在铼锇测年法中测量陨石的年龄。
除了七种天然存在的同位素以外，锇还有30种人造同位素，[3]其中最长寿的是半衰期六年的194Os。锇还有九种同核异构体，其中191mOs最稳定，半衰期13.10小时。锇所有的同位素理论上都有放射性，但仍未被观测到。
图表
[编辑]| 符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量（u） [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 2][n 3] |
衰变 方式[4] |
衰变 产物 [n 4][n 5] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 （莫耳分率）[n 2] |
相对丰度 的变化量 （莫耳分率） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 激发能量[n 2] | |||||||||
| 161Os | 76 | 85 | 0.64(6) ms | α | 157W | ||||
| 162Os | 76 | 86 | 161.98443(54)# | 1.87(18) ms | α | 158W | 0+ | ||
| 163Os | 76 | 87 | 162.98269(43)# | 5.5(6) ms | α | 159W | 7/2−# | ||
| β+, p （不常见） | 162W | ||||||||
| β+ （不常见） | 163Re | ||||||||
| 164Os | 76 | 88 | 163.97804(22) | 21(1) ms | α (98%) | 160W | 0+ | ||
| β+ (2%) | 164Re | ||||||||
| 165Os | 76 | 89 | 164.97676(22)# | 71(3) ms | α (60%) | 161W | (7/2−) | ||
| β+ (40%) | 165Re | ||||||||
| 166Os | 76 | 90 | 165.972691(20) | 216(9) ms | α (72%) | 162W | 0+ | ||
| β+ (28%) | 166Re | ||||||||
| 167Os | 76 | 91 | 166.97155(8) | 810(60) ms | α (67%) | 163W | 3/2−# | ||
| β+ (33%) | 167Re | ||||||||
| 168Os | 76 | 92 | 167.967804(13) | 2.06(6) s | β+ (51%) | 168Re | 0+ | ||
| α (49%) | 164W | ||||||||
| 169Os | 76 | 93 | 168.967019(27) | 3.40(9) s | β+ (89%) | 169Re | 3/2−# | ||
| α (11%) | 165W | ||||||||
| 170Os | 76 | 94 | 169.963577(12) | 7.46(23) s | β+ (91.4%) | 170Re | 0+ | ||
| α (8.6%) | 176W | ||||||||
| 171Os | 76 | 95 | 170.963185(20) | 8.3(2) s | β+ (98.3%) | 171Re | (5/2−) | ||
| α (1.7%) | 167W | ||||||||
| 172Os | 76 | 96 | 171.960023(16) | 19.2(5) s | β+ (98.9%) | 172Re | 0+ | ||
| α (1.1%) | 168W | ||||||||
| 173Os | 76 | 97 | 172.959808(16) | 22.4(9) s | β+ (99.6%) | 173Re | (5/2−) | ||
| α (.4%) | 169W | ||||||||
| 174Os | 76 | 98 | 173.957062(12) | 44(4) s | β+ (99.97%) | 174Re | 0+ | ||
| α (.024%) | 170W | ||||||||
| 175Os | 76 | 99 | 174.956946(15) | 1.4(1) min | β+ | 175Re | (5/2−) | ||
| 176Os | 76 | 100 | 175.95481(3) | 3.6(5) min | β+ | 176Re | 0+ | ||
| 177Os | 76 | 101 | 176.954965(17) | 3.0(2) min | β+ | 177Re | 1/2− | ||
| 178Os | 76 | 102 | 177.953251(18) | 5.0(4) min | β+ | 178Re | 0+ | ||
| 179Os | 76 | 103 | 178.953816(19) | 6.5(3) min | β+ | 179Re | (1/2−) | ||
| 180Os | 76 | 104 | 179.952379(22) | 21.5(4) min | β+ | 180Re | 0+ | ||
| 181Os | 76 | 105 | 180.95324(3) | 105(3) min | β+ | 181Re | 1/2− | ||
| 181m1Os | 48.9(2) keV | 2.7(1) min | β+ | 181Re | (7/2)− | ||||
| 181m2Os | 156.5(7) keV | 316(18) ns | (9/2)+ | ||||||
| 182Os | 76 | 106 | 181.952110(23) | 22.10(25) h | ε | 182Re | 0+ | ||
| 183Os | 76 | 107 | 182.95313(5) | 13.0(5) h | β+ | 183Re | 9/2+ | ||
| 183mOs | 170.71(5) keV | 9.9(3) h | β+ (85%) | 183Re | 1/2− | ||||
| IT (15%) | 183Os | ||||||||
| 184Os | 76 | 108 | 183.9524891(14) | 1.12(23)×1013 y[1] | α[n 6] | 180W | 0+ | 2(1)×10−4 | |
| 185Os | 76 | 109 | 184.9540423(14) | 93.6(5) d | ε | 185Re | 1/2− | ||
| 185m1Os | 102.3(7) keV | 3.0(4) µs | (7/2−)# | ||||||
| 185m2Os | 275.7(8) keV | 0.78(5) µs | (11/2+) | ||||||
| 186Os[n 7] | 76 | 110 | 185.9538382(15) | 2.0(11)×1015 y | α | 182W | 0+ | 0.0159(3) | |
| 187Os[n 8] | 76 | 111 | 186.9557505(15) | 观测上稳定[n 9] | 1/2− | 0.0196(2) | |||
| 188Os[n 8] | 76 | 112 | 187.9558382(15) | 观测上稳定[n 10] | 0+ | 0.1324(8) | |||
| 189Os | 76 | 113 | 188.9581475(16) | 观测上稳定[n 11] | 3/2− | 0.1615(5) | |||
| 189mOs | 30.812(15) keV | 5.81(6) h | IT | 189Os | 9/2− | ||||
| 190Os | 76 | 114 | 189.9584470(16) | 观测上稳定[n 12] | 0+ | 0.2626(2) | |||
| 190mOs | 1705.4(2) keV | 9.9(1) min | IT | 190Os | (10)− | ||||
| 191Os | 76 | 115 | 190.9609297(16) | 15.4(1) d | β− | 191Ir | 9/2− | ||
| 191mOs | 74.382(3) keV | 13.10(5) h | IT | 191Os | 3/2− | ||||
| 192Os | 76 | 116 | 191.9614807(27) | 观测上稳定[n 13] | 0+ | 0.4078(19) | |||
| 192mOs | 2015.40(11) keV | 5.9(1) s | IT (87%) | 192Os | (10−) | ||||
| β− (13%) | 192Ir | ||||||||
| 193Os | 76 | 117 | 192.9641516(27) | 30.11(1) h | β− | 193Ir | 3/2− | ||
| 194Os | 76 | 118 | 193.9651821(28) | 6.0(2) y | β− | 194Ir | 0+ | ||
| 195Os | 76 | 119 | 194.96813(54) | 6.5 min | β− | 195Ir | 3/2−# | ||
| 196Os | 76 | 120 | 195.96964(4) | 34.9(2) min | β− | 196Ir | 0+ | ||
| 197Os | 76 | 121 | 2.8(6) min | ||||||
| ← | 同位素列表 | → |
| 铼的同位素 | 锇的同位素 | 铱的同位素 |
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Peters, Stefan T.M.; Münker, Carsten; Becker, Harry; Schulz, Toni. Alpha-decay of 184Os revealed by radiogenic 180W in meteorites: Half life determination and viability as geochronometer. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. April 2014, 391: 69–76. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.030.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Flegenheimer, Juan. The mystery of the disappearing isotope. Revista Virtual de Química. 2014, 6 (4): 1139–1142. doi:10.5935/1984-6835.20140073
.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-06]. （原始内容
存档于2017-02-19）.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.