通變系統

通變系統（Diasystem）是一個語言學的名詞，指同一種語言因為地理、政治、文字或其他非語言學的原因，而被認為是兩種不同的語言系統。它不同於方言：方言可能是因為長久的分隔，而使語言間產生了語音上的變化，繼而發展成為方言。但對於通變系統內的語言，卻沒有這種語音上的變化；不過亦有可能因為政治或地理環境的變化，而使用詞有所不同。

例子

• 印度斯坦語（印地語-烏爾都語）
• 塞克語（波斯尼亞語-克羅地亞語-塞爾維亞語）
• 丹挪語（丹麥語-書面挪威語-新挪威語）
• 奧克羅曼語（奥克语-加泰罗尼亚语）
• 葡萄牙-加利西亞語（葡萄牙語-加里西亞語）
• 馬來語（馬來西亞語-印尼語）
• 波斯語-塔吉克語-達利語
• 西北官話-東干語
• 泰语（泰语-老挝语）

参见

• 自主及發展的語言（Dachsprache）
• 方言连续体
• 多中心語言
• 标准语

參考文獻

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延伸閱讀

• Bailey, Charles-James N. Variation and Linguistic Theory. Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics. 1973. 
• Bickerton, Derek. Dynamics of a Creole System. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1976. 
• Courthiade, Marcel. Quelques aspects du diasystème phonologique de la langue rromani. Faits de langue. 1997, 5 (10): 113–120. doi:10.3406/flang.1997.1175. 
• Cochrane, G. R. The Australian English vowels as a diasystem. Word. 1959, 15: 69–88. 
• Francescato, Giuseppe. Structural comparison, diasystems, and dialectology. Zeitschrift für romanische philologie. 1965a, 81: 484–491. 
• Francescato, Giuseppe. Struttura linguistica e dialetto. Straka, G. (编). Actes du Xe congrès international de linguistique et philologie. Paris: Klincksieck. 1965b: 1011–1017. 
• Moulton, William G. The short vowel systems of Northern Switzerland: a study in structural dialectology. Word. 1960, 37: 155–182. 
• Moulton, William G. Structural dialectology. Language. 1968, 44: 451–466. doi:10.2307/411713. 
• Weinreich, Uriel; Labov, William; Herzog, Marvin. Empirical foundations for a theory of language change. Lehmann, Winfred P.; Malkiel, Yakov (编). Directions for historical linguistics: a symposium. University of Texas Press. 1968: 97–195. （原始内容存档于2012-01-18）.