查德威克氏徵象

查德威克氏徵象是懷孕的早期醫學徵象之一，是指因血流（英语：Blood flow）量增加而產生靜脈血液滯留，使陰道、陰唇及子宮頸呈藍紫色的情形，是懷孕時孕婦的生理變化（英语：Maternal physiological changes in_pregnancy）之一。最早會在孕齡八至十二週出現，是懷孕的早期醫學徵象，不過很少在孕齡七週時出現^[1]

查德威克氏徵象最早是在1836年由法國醫生艾蒂安·约瑟夫·雅克曼（Étienne Joseph Jacquemin，1796-1872）發現^[2] ，此徵象得名自美國婦產科醫生詹姆斯·瑞德·查德威克（英语：James Read Chadwick），他在一篇論文中提及此徵象，認為雅克曼是第一個發現此徵象的人，查德威克在1886年在美國婦產科學會前讀了此論文，並在第二年出版^[2]^[3]。

參考資料

^ Bastian, Lori A. Is This Patient Pregnant?: Can You Reliably Rule In or Rule Out Early Pregnancy by Clinical Examination?. JAMA. 1997-08-20, 278 (7): 586. ISSN 0098-7484. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550070078042 （英语）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Gleichert, James E. Étienne Joseph Jacquemin, Discoverer of 'Chadwick's Sign'. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 1971, 26 (1): 75–80. PMID 4925842. doi:10.1093/jhmas/XXVI.1.75.
^ Chadwick, James Reed. The value of the bluish discoloration of the vaginal entrance as a sign of pregnancy. Transactions of the American Gynecological Society. 1887, (11): 399–418.

[1] Bastian, Lori A. Is This Patient Pregnant?: Can You Reliably Rule In or Rule Out Early Pregnancy by Clinical Examination?. JAMA. 1997-08-20, 278 (7): 586. ISSN 0098-7484. doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550070078042 （英语）.

[pmid4925842-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Gleichert, James E. Étienne Joseph Jacquemin, Discoverer of 'Chadwick's Sign'. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 1971, 26 (1): 75–80. PMID 4925842. doi:10.1093/jhmas/XXVI.1.75.

[3] Chadwick, James Reed. The value of the bluish discoloration of the vaginal entrance as a sign of pregnancy. Transactions of the American Gynecological Society. 1887, (11): 399–418.

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