碲的同位素
外观
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标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) |
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碲(原子量:127.60(3))有39种同位素与17种同核异构体,原子量介于104至142。其中,有八种同位素(120Te、122Te、123Te、124Te、125Te、126Te、128Te、130Te)存在于自然界。128Te和130Te有放射性,但半衰期都极长,分别为2.25×1024年和7.91×1020年。[3]碲最长寿的人造同位素则是半衰期19.31天的121Te,但诸如121mTe(半衰期164.7天)的同核异构体有更长的半衰期。
放射性同位素128Te和130Te是碲最常见的两种同位素。碲与铟、铼一样都是放射性同位素的丰度比稳定同位素的丰度大的例子。
有团队报告称已发现123Te的电子捕获,但他们之后的测量结果否认了这点。[4]123Te的半衰期至少为9.2×1016年。[4]
图表[编辑]
符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2][n 3] |
衰变 方式[5] |
衰变 产物 [n 4] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率)[n 2] |
相对丰度 的变化量 (莫耳分率) |
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激发能量[n 2] | |||||||||
104Te[6] | 52 | 52 | <18 ns | α | 100Sn | 0+ | |||
105Te | 52 | 53 | 104.94364(54)# | 620(70) ns | α | 101Sn | 5/2+# | ||
106Te | 52 | 54 | 105.93750(14) | 70(20) µs [70(+20-10) µs] |
α | 102Sn | 0+ | ||
107Te | 52 | 55 | 106.93501(32)# | 3.1(1) ms | α (70%) | 103Sn | 5/2+# | ||
β+ (30%) | 107Sb | ||||||||
108Te | 52 | 56 | 107.92944(11) | 2.1(1) s | β+ (51%) | 108Sb | 0+ | ||
α (49%) | 104Sn | ||||||||
β+, p (2.4%) | 107Sn | ||||||||
β+, α (.065%) | 104In | ||||||||
109Te | 52 | 57 | 108.92742(7) | 4.6(3) s | β+ (86.99%) | 109Sb | (5/2+) | ||
β+, p (9.4%) | 108Sn | ||||||||
α (7.9%) | 105Sn | ||||||||
β+, α (.005%) | 105In | ||||||||
110Te | 52 | 58 | 109.92241(6) | 18.6(8) s | β+ (99.99%) | 110Sb | 0+ | ||
β+, p (.003%) | 109Sn | ||||||||
111Te | 52 | 59 | 110.92111(8) | 19.3(4) s | β+ | 111Sb | (5/2)+# | ||
β+, p (不常见) | 110Sn | ||||||||
112Te | 52 | 60 | 111.91701(18) | 2.0(2) min | β+ | 112Sb | 0+ | ||
113Te | 52 | 61 | 112.91589(3) | 1.7(2) min | β+ | 113Sb | (7/2+) | ||
114Te | 52 | 62 | 113.91209(3) | 15.2(7) min | β+ | 114Sb | 0+ | ||
115Te | 52 | 63 | 114.91190(3) | 5.8(2) min | β+ | 115Sb | 7/2+ | ||
115m1Te | 10(7) keV | 6.7(4) min | β+ | 115Sb | (1/2)+ | ||||
IT | 115Te | ||||||||
115m2Te | 280.05(20) keV | 7.5(2) µs | 11/2- | ||||||
116Te | 52 | 64 | 115.90846(3) | 2.49(4) h | β+ | 116Sb | 0+ | ||
117Te | 52 | 65 | 116.908645(14) | 62(2) min | β+ | 117Sb | 1/2+ | ||
117mTe | 296.1(5) keV | 103(3) ms | IT | 117Te | (11/2-) | ||||
118Te | 52 | 66 | 117.905828(16) | 6.00(2) d | ε | 118Sb | 0+ | ||
119Te | 52 | 67 | 118.906404(9) | 16.05(5) h | β+ | 119Sb | 1/2+ | ||
119mTe | 260.96(5) keV | 4.70(4) d | β+ (99.99%) | 119Sb | 11/2- | ||||
IT (.008%) | 119Te | ||||||||
120Te | 52 | 68 | 119.90402(1) | 观测上稳定[n 5] | 0+ | 9(1)×10−4 | |||
121Te | 52 | 69 | 120.904936(28) | 19.16(5) d | β+ | 121Sb | 1/2+ | ||
121mTe | 293.991(22) keV | 154(7) d | IT (88.6%) | 121Te | 11/2- | ||||
β+ (11.4%) | 121Sb | ||||||||
122Te | 52 | 70 | 121.9030439(16) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.0255(12) | |||
123Te | 52 | 71 | 122.9042700(16) | 观测上稳定[n 6] | 1/2+ | 0.0089(3) | |||
123mTe | 247.47(4) keV | 119.2(1) d | IT | 123Te | 11/2- | ||||
124Te | 52 | 72 | 123.9028179(16) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.0474(14) | |||
125Te[n 7] | 52 | 73 | 124.9044307(16) | 稳定 | 1/2+ | 0.0707(15) | |||
125mTe | 144.772(9) keV | 57.40(15) d | IT | 125Te | 11/2- | ||||
126Te | 52 | 74 | 125.9033117(16) | 稳定 | 0+ | 0.1884(25) | |||
127Te[n 7] | 52 | 75 | 126.9052263(16) | 9.35(7) h | β− | 127I | 3/2+ | ||
127mTe | 88.26(8) keV | 109(2) d | IT (97.6%) | 127Te | 11/2- | ||||
β− (2.4%) | 127I | ||||||||
128Te[n 7][n 8] | 52 | 76 | 127.9044631(19) | 2.2(3)×1024 a[n 9] | β−β− | 128Xe | 0+ | 0.3174(8) | |
128mTe | 2790.7(4) keV | 370(30) ns | 10+ | ||||||
129Te[n 7] | 52 | 77 | 128.9065982(19) | 69.6(3) min | β− | 129I | 3/2+ | ||
129mTe | 105.50(5) keV | 33.6(1) d | 11/2- | ||||||
130Te[n 7][n 8] | 52 | 78 | 129.9062244(21) | 790(100)×1018 a | β−β− | 130Xe | 0+ | 0.3408(62) | |
130m1Te | 2146.41(4) keV | 115(8) ns | (7)- | ||||||
130m2Te | 2661(7) keV | 1.90(8) µs | (10+) | ||||||
130m3Te | 4375.4(18) keV | 261(33) ns | |||||||
131Te[n 7] | 52 | 79 | 130.9085239(21) | 25.0(1) min | β− | 131I | 3/2+ | ||
131mTe | 182.250(20) keV | 30(2) h | β− (77.8%) | 131I | 11/2- | ||||
IT (22.2%) | 131Te | ||||||||
132Te[n 7] | 52 | 80 | 131.908553(7) | 3.204(13) d | β− | 132I | 0+ | ||
133Te | 52 | 81 | 132.910955(26) | 12.5(3) min | β− | 133I | (3/2+) | ||
133mTe | 334.26(4) keV | 55.4(4) min | β− (82.5%) | 133I | (11/2-) | ||||
IT (17.5%) | 133Te | ||||||||
134Te | 52 | 82 | 133.911369(11) | 41.8(8) min | β− | 134I | 0+ | ||
134mTe | 1691.34(16) keV | 164.1(9) ns | 6+ | ||||||
135Te[n 10] | 52 | 83 | 134.91645(10) | 19.0(2) s | β− | 135I | (7/2-) | ||
135mTe | 1554.88(17) keV | 510(20) ns | (19/2-) | ||||||
136Te | 52 | 84 | 135.92010(5) | 17.63(8) s | β− (98.7%) | 136I | 0+ | ||
β−, n (1.3%) | 135I | ||||||||
137Te | 52 | 85 | 136.92532(13) | 2.49(5) s | β− (97.01%) | 137I | 3/2-# | ||
β−, n (2.99%) | 136I | ||||||||
138Te | 52 | 86 | 137.92922(22)# | 1.4(4) s | β− (93.7%) | 138I | 0+ | ||
β−, n (6.3%) | 137I | ||||||||
139Te | 52 | 87 | 138.93473(43)# | 500 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 139I | 5/2-# | ||
β−, n | 138I | ||||||||
140Te | 52 | 88 | 139.93885(32)# | 300 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 140I | 0+ | ||
β−, n | 139I | ||||||||
141Te | 52 | 89 | 140.94465(43)# | 100 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 141I | 5/2-# | ||
β−, n | 140I | ||||||||
142Te | 52 | 90 | 141.94908(64)# | 50 ms [>300 ns]# |
β− | 142I | 0+ |
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,仅为理论推测。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
- ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的同位素以粗体表示。
- ^ 稳定的衰变产物以粗体表示。
- ^ Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 120Sn with a half-life over 2.2×1016 years
- ^ Believed to undergo β+ decay to 123Sb with a half-life over 9.2×1016 years
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Fission product
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Primordial radionuclide
- ^ Longest measured half-life of any nuclide
- ^ Very short-lived fission product, responsible for the iodine pit as precursor of 135Xe via 135I
← | 同位素列表 | → |
锑的同位素 | 碲的同位素 | 碘的同位素 |
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Adams, D. Q.; et al. Measurement of the 2νββ Decay Half-Life of 130Te with CUORE. Physical Review Letters. 2021-04-27, 126 (17). ISSN 0031-9007. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.171801.
- ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 A. Alessandrello; et al. New Limits on Naturally Occurring Electron Capture of 123Te. Physical Review C. January 2003, 67 (1): 014323. Bibcode:2003PhRvC..67a4323A. S2CID 119523039. arXiv:hep-ex/0211015 . doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.67.014323.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-09-18]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- ^ Auranen, K.; et al. Superallowed α decay to doubly magic 100Sn (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 2018, 121 (18): 182501 [2021-05-22]. Bibcode:2018PhRvL.121r2501A. PMID 30444390. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.182501 . (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-11-03).
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
元素与同位素的稳定度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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