Ł

	Ł ł Ł ł
拉丁字母 ł
大寫字母	Ł
小寫字母	ł
Unicode編碼	大寫：U+0141; 小寫：U+0142

Ł, ł（帶斜劃的l）是波蘭語、卡舒比語、上索布語、下索布語、美國西南部的納瓦荷語、意大利北部的威尼斯語的一個字母，也是白俄羅斯語拉丁字母（Łacinka）之一。除納瓦荷語及威尼斯語之外， Ł 用來表示由原始斯拉夫語繼承而來的非齶音 l（即軟顎化齒齦邊音 /ɫ/）。使用微軟系統，按住Alt鍵不放，按下數字321會出現Ł，322則是ł，然後放開即完成。

波蘭語

最早在波蘭語中採用不同字母來分辨兩種/l/音的，是1440年的Jakub Pakoszowic（英語：Jakub Pakoszowic），當時他提議以草書體的 $\ \ell$ 來表示常規的齒齦邊音 [l] ，並用 Ł 來表示軟顎化齒齦邊音 [ɫ]，不過當時他所畫在「L」上的刪節線，方向與今日版本的相反。今時看到的版本，是16世紀時的Stanisław Zaborowski（英語：Stanisław Zaborowski）在他一本於1514年至1515年間，名為《Orthographia seu modus recte scribendi et legendi Polonicum idioma quam ultissimus》的書本首次出現^[1]。雖然現時在波蘭語中，Ł 的讀法已變成了 /w/^[2]，但舊有的讀音依然在波蘭的東部保留下來^[3]，而在立陶宛、白俄羅斯與烏克蘭的波蘭少數族裔居民，亦沿用舊有的讀法。

把 Ł 讀成 /w/ 的習慣亦是在16世紀開始，主要流行於當時波蘭的平民。過往這種讀法都被視為沒有文化的口音，直到20世紀中期，這種偏見才開始消退。原來這種讀法只在特定場合在會出現，但隨着 /w/ 的讀法被大眾所接受，這種變讀亦適用於其他情況。因此，現時就算是字的開首或元音之間，Ł 都會被讀作 /w/。例如：

波蘭語	意思	IPA
ładny	漂亮	/ˈwadnɨ/
słowo	單詞	/ˈswɔvɔ/
ciało	身體	/ˈtɕawɔ/

在波蘭語中， Ł 與 L 依然保持着對稱的關係，特別是當構成陽性複數名詞時（例如：mały → mali（/ˈmawɨ/ → /ˈmali/）又或變格時（例如：從主格變為前置格，tło → na tle (/twɔ/ → /tlɛ/)）。

其他語言

在白俄羅斯語 Łacinka 拉丁字母中，ł 對應西里爾字母的 л，並且通常發 /l/ 音。

在納瓦荷語中，ł 的發音為 /ɬ/（清齒齦邊擦音），相當於威爾士語的 Ll。

在威尼斯語中，ł 用來表示軟音化的/l/音，發音為 /ʎ/。

萊特幣

Ł用作萊特幣的貨幣符號。

字符編碼

字符編碼	Unicode	ISO 8859-2，16	ISO 8859-13
大寫 Ł	U+0141	A3	D9
小寫 ł	U+0142	B3	F9

使用這個字母的語言

波蘭語字母
A	a	Ą	ą	B	b	C	c	Ć	ć	D	d	E	e	Ę	ę	F	f	G	g	H	h	I	i	J	j	K	k	L	l
Ł	ł	M	m	N	n	Ń	ń	O	o	Ó	ó	P	p	Q	q	R	r	S	s	Ś	ś	T	t	U	u	V	v	W	w
X	x	Y	y	Z	z	Ź	ź	Ż	ż

卡舒比語字母
A	a	Ą	ą	Ã	ã	Ă	ă	B	b	C	c	CZ	cz	D	d	E	e	É	é	Ë	ë	F	f	G	g	H	h	I	i
J	j	K	k	L	l	Ł	ł	M	m	N	n	Ń	ń	Ň	ň	O	o	Ò	ò	Ó	ó	Ô	ô	P	p	RZ	rz	S	s
SZ	sz	T	t	U	u	Ù	ù	W	w	Y	y	Z	z	Ż	ż

上索布語字母
A	a	B	b	C	c	Č	č	Ć	ć	D	d	Dź	dź	E	e	Ě	ě	F	f	G	g	H	h	Ch	ch	I	i	J	j
K	k	Ł	ł	L	l	M	m	N	n	Ń	ń	O	o	Ó	ó	P	p	R	r	Ř	ř	S	s	Š	š	T	t	U	u
W	w	Y	y	Z	z	Ž	ž

下索布語字母
A	a	B	b	C	c	Č	č	Ć	ć	D	d	Dź	dź	E	e	Ě	ě	F	f	G	g	H	h	Ch	ch	I	i	J	j
K	k	Ł	ł	L	l	M	m	N	n	Ń	ń	O	o	Ó	ó	P	p	R	r	Ŕ	ŕ	S	s	Š	š	Ś	ś	T	t
U	u	W	w	Y	y	Z	z	Ž	ž	Ź	ź

白俄羅斯語拉丁字母
A	a	B	b	C	c	Ć	ć	Č	č	D	d	Dz	dz	Dź	dź	Dž	dž	E	e	F	f	G	g	H	h	Ch	ch	I	i	J	j	K	k	L	l
Ł	ł	M	m	N	n	Ń	ń	O	o	P	p	R	r	S	s	Ś	ś	Š	š	T	t	U	u	Ŭ	ŭ	V	v	Y	y	Z	z	Ź	ź	Ž	ž

ISO基本拉丁字母
Aa	Bb	Cc	Dd	Ee	Ff	Gg	Hh	Ii	Jj	Kk	Ll	Mm	Nn	Oo	Pp	Qq	Rr	Ss	Tt	Uu	Vv	Ww	Xx	Yy	Zz
L 的修飾字母 ĹĺĽľĻļḶḷḸḹḼḽḺḻŁłĿŀȽƚⱠⱡⱢɫɬᶅɭȴ 使用橫劃或斜劃的字母 ȺⱥɃƀȻȼꞒꞓĐđɆɇǤǥĦħƗɨɈɉꝀꝁꞢꞣ₭kŁłNnⱣᵽɌɍŦŧɄʉɎɏƵƶꝤꝥ 歷史 • 古文字變體 • 連字 • 衍生字母 • 附加符號 • 標點符號 • 數字 • Unicode • 字母列表

參考

^ Joseph Andrew Teslar & Jadwiga Teslar, A New Polish Grammar 8th Edition, Revised. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, Ltd. (1962): 4 - 5. "ł = English l hard, dental ; ... It is true, of course, that the majority of Poles nowadays pronounce this sound with the lips, exactly like the English w. But this is a careless pronunciation leading eventually to the disappearance of a sound typically Polish (and Russian also ; it has already disappeared from the other Slavonic languages, Czech and Serbian). ... In articulating l, your tongue ... projects considerably beyond the horizontal line separating the gums from the teeth and touches the gums or the palate. To pronounce ł ... the tongue should be held flat and rigid in the bottom of the mouth with the tip just bent upwards sufficiently to touch the edge of the front upper teeth. (On no account should the tongue extend beyond the line separating the teeth from the gums.) Holding the tongue rigidly in this position, you should then pronounce one of the vowels a, o or u, consciously dropping the tongue on each occasion, and you will obtain the hard ł quite distinct from the soft l."
^ B. W. Mazur, Colloquial Polish. London: Routledge (1983): 5. "The sounds below exist in English but are pronounced or rendered differently: c ... h[, ] ch ... j ... ł as w in wet[, ] łach ład słowo[; ] r ... w"
^ Oscar E. Swan, First Year Polish 2nd Edition, Revised and Expanded. Columbus: Slavica Publishers (1983): xix. "ł (so-called barrel l) is not pronounced like an l except in Eastern dialects and, increasingly infrequently, in stage pronunciation. It is most often pronounced like English w in way, how. "łeb, dała, był, piłka."

[1] Joseph Andrew Teslar & Jadwiga Teslar, A New Polish Grammar 8th Edition, Revised. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, Ltd. (1962): 4 - 5. "ł = English l hard, dental ; ... It is true, of course, that the majority of Poles nowadays pronounce this sound with the lips, exactly like the English w. But this is a careless pronunciation leading eventually to the disappearance of a sound typically Polish (and Russian also ; it has already disappeared from the other Slavonic languages, Czech and Serbian). ... In articulating l, your tongue ... projects considerably beyond the horizontal line separating the gums from the teeth and touches the gums or the palate. To pronounce ł ... the tongue should be held flat and rigid in the bottom of the mouth with the tip just bent upwards sufficiently to touch the edge of the front upper teeth. (On no account should the tongue extend beyond the line separating the teeth from the gums.) Holding the tongue rigidly in this position, you should then pronounce one of the vowels a, o or u, consciously dropping the tongue on each occasion, and you will obtain the hard ł quite distinct from the soft l."

[2] B. W. Mazur, Colloquial Polish. London: Routledge (1983): 5. "The sounds below exist in English but are pronounced or rendered differently: c ... h[, ] ch ... j ... ł as w in wet[, ] łach ład słowo[; ] r ... w"

[3] Oscar E. Swan, First Year Polish 2nd Edition, Revised and Expanded. Columbus: Slavica Publishers (1983): xix. "ł (so-called barrel l) is not pronounced like an l except in Eastern dialects and, increasingly infrequently, in stage pronunciation. It is most often pronounced like English w in way, how. "łeb, dała, był, piłka."

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