拉脱维亚语正写法(Latvian orthography)是拉脱维亚语基于德语音位正写法的正写法系统;不过拉特加利亚方言(Latgalian)却是使用波兰语正写法的原则编写。当今的拉脱维亚语正写法是由里加拉脱维亚协会知识委员会于1908年所发展出的,并于同年在卡尔利斯·米伦巴赫斯与亚尼斯·恩泽林斯的领导下由正写法委员会批准。[1]拉脱维亚语正写法的基础是植基于拉丁文字,并于1920年至1922年在拉脱维亚共和国通过法律核准之下引入。在大多数情况下,拉脱维亚语正写法是语音结构性的正写法,也因此拉脱维亚语正写法是遵循语言的语音架构之下进行之。
到目前拉脱维亚语标准字母有由33个字母。
大写字形(亦称为大写或大写字母)
|
A |
Ā |
B |
C |
Č |
D |
E |
Ē
|
F |
G |
Ģ |
H |
I |
Ī |
J |
K
|
Ķ |
L |
Ļ |
M |
N |
Ņ |
O |
P
|
R |
S |
Š |
T |
U |
Ū |
V |
Z |
Ž
|
小写字形(亦称为小写或小写字母)
|
a |
ā |
b |
c |
č |
d |
e |
ē
|
f |
g |
ģ |
h |
i |
ī |
j |
k |
ķ
|
l |
ļ |
m |
n |
ņ |
o |
p |
r
|
s |
š |
t |
u |
ū |
v |
z |
ž
|
字母名称读法
|
a |
garais ā |
bē |
cē |
čē |
dē |
e |
garais ē
|
ef |
gā |
ģē |
hā |
i |
garais ī |
jē |
kā
|
ķē |
el |
eļ |
em |
en |
eņ |
o |
pē
|
er |
es |
eš |
tē |
u |
garais ū |
vē |
zē |
žē
|
拉脱维亚语正写法亦使用二合字母Dz、Dž以及Ie。
元音
字形
|
IPA
|
英文近似语音及说明
|
a
|
[ɑ]
|
like father, but shorter
|
ā
|
[ɑː]
|
car
|
e
|
[e]
|
elephant
|
[æ]
|
map
|
ē
|
[eː]
|
similar to play
|
[æː]
|
like bad, but longer
|
i
|
[i]
|
Between it and eat
|
ī
|
[iː]
|
each
|
o
|
[uɔ̯̯]
|
tour (some dialects)
|
[o]
|
not (some dialects)
|
[oː]
|
though; boat
|
u
|
[u]
|
between look and Luke
|
ū
|
[uː]
|
you
|
辅音
字形
|
IPA
|
英文近似语音及说明
|
b
|
[b]
|
brother
|
c
|
[t̪͡s̪]
|
like cats, with the tongue touching the teeth
|
č
|
[t͡ʃ]
|
chair
|
d
|
[d̪]
|
like door, with the tongue touching the teeth
|
dz
|
[d̪͡z̪]
|
like lids, with the tongue touching the teeth
|
dž
|
[d͡ʒ]
|
jog
|
f
|
[f]
|
finger
|
g
|
[ɡ]
|
gap
|
ģ
|
[ɟ]
|
between duty (without yod-dropping) and argue
|
h
|
[x]
|
loch (Scottish English)
|
j
|
[j]
|
yawn
|
k
|
[k]
|
cat
|
ķ
|
[c]
|
similar to skew
|
l
|
[l]
|
lamp
|
ļ
|
[ʎ]
|
similar to William
|
m
|
[m]
|
male
|
n
|
[n̪], [ŋ]
|
like nail, with the tongue touching the teeth, or sing
|
ņ
|
[ɲ]
|
jalapeño
|
p
|
[p]
|
peace
|
r
|
[r], [rʲ]
|
rolled r, like Spanish perro or Scottish English curd
|
s
|
[s̪]
|
like sock, with the tongue touching the teeth
|
š
|
[ʃ]
|
shadow
|
t
|
[t̪]
|
like table, with the tongue touching the teeth
|
v
|
[v]
|
vacuum
|
z
|
[z̪]
|
like zebra, with the tongue touching the teeth
|
ž
|
[ʒ]
|
vision
|
旧式的拉脱维亚语拼写法是植基于德语的拼写法,但是不能完全表示拉脱维亚语的音位。
- ā, ē, ī, ū - aa, ee, ii, uu
- ļ, ņ, ģ, ķ - lj, nj, gj, kj
- š - sh (同于 ss, sj, 等等)