霓長岩

霓長岩（英語：Fenite）是一種與火成碳酸岩侵入體相關的交代變質作用所造成的變質岩^[1]，也可能由二氧化碳蝕變（碳化）的長英質和鎂鐵質岩石所造成的。霓長岩分佈非常局限，在高溫變質滑石碳酸鹽周圍，形成在超鎂鐵質岩石的周圍環帶。例如在富含黑雲母的區域、角閃岩-方解石-方柱石交代變質和其他少見的矽卡岩組合。形成霓長岩的過程被稱為霓長岩化^[2]。

霓長岩化是稀土元素 (REE) 和鈮 (Nb) 的最重要礦化過程。當火成碳酸岩和鹼性矽酸鹽熔體冷卻和結晶時，會多次排出高鹼性液體，這些液體能造成圍岩的霓長岩化，因而富集稀土元素^[3]。

霓長岩的標準產地在挪威，泰勒馬克，諾姆^[4]。

參考文獻

^ Michael J. Le Bas; FENITES ASSOCIATED WITH CARBONATITES. The Canadian Mineralogist 2008;; 46 (4): 915–932. doi: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.46.4.915
^ H.A.L. Elliott, F. Wall, A.R. Chakhmouradian, P.R. Siegfried, S. Dahlgren, S. Weatherley, A.A. Finch, M.A.W. Marks, E. Dowman, and E. Deady (2018) Fenites associated with carbonatite complexes: A review,Ore Geology Reviews, Volume 93,Pages 38-59,ISSN 0169-1368,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.12.003. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136817305784 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）)
^ B. Robins, and M. Tysseland (1983) The geology, geochemistry and origin of ultrabasic fenites associated with the Pollen Carbonatite (Finnmark, Norway),Chemical Geology,Volume 40, ssues 1–2,Pages 65-95,ISSN 0009-2541,https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(83)90092-X.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000925418390092X)
^ Fen Complex, Nome, Telemark, Norway". Mindat. Retrieved 10 June 2013

[”Bas”-1] Michael J. Le Bas; FENITES ASSOCIATED WITH CARBONATITES. The Canadian Mineralogist 2008;; 46 (4): 915–932. doi: https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.46.4.915

[”Elliott”-2] H.A.L. Elliott, F. Wall, A.R. Chakhmouradian, P.R. Siegfried, S. Dahlgren, S. Weatherley, A.A. Finch, M.A.W. Marks, E. Dowman, and E. Deady (2018) Fenites associated with carbonatite complexes: A review,Ore Geology Reviews, Volume 93,Pages 38-59,ISSN 0169-1368,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.12.003. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136817305784 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）)

[”Robins”-3] B. Robins, and M. Tysseland (1983) The geology, geochemistry and origin of ultrabasic fenites associated with the Pollen Carbonatite (Finnmark, Norway),Chemical Geology,Volume 40, ssues 1–2,Pages 65-95,ISSN 0009-2541,https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(83)90092-X.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000925418390092X)

[”Fen”-4] Fen Complex, Nome, Telemark, Norway". Mindat. Retrieved 10 June 2013

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